Heterophony and Polyphony (and the loss of it.)
The wholesale and loving embrace by Morocco of the amplified musical event has shattered my illusion that Morocco was a place which understood its traditions. Clearly not. That said, it hasn’t actually lessened the actual content of what they sing. Morocco still has some of the best Andalusi singers you will find anywhere whose knowledge of the subject is oceanic and unassailable. But at the point of delivery, where the singing meets its public, whether private or public, the singing is being severely undermined by big black deafening loudspeakers. And I detest them. But the Moroccans, especially the singers, seem to love them.
Heterophony and polyphony are technical terms relating to multiple sung voices.
1. Heterephony describes a single-note many threaded tune with slight natural pitch variations between individual voices, giving choral singing its unique and rich uplifting and meshed quality. This particularly related to Andalusi singing which is essentially one single note tune with slight individual variations
2. Polyphony places each voice in a 3D space so the listener perceives a multi sourced spatial sound. As with any choir.
The human heart, which is the true sensor of any thing conscious, absorbs all this and drowns in the beauty of sound and singing especially. It elevates and expands the heart. A precious and subtle experience. And what do microphones and amplifiers do to this? Flatten it, homogenise it, and kill it stone dead. And my dear Moroccans are deaf to this phenomenon it seems and given the high volumes they tolerate they might become actually deaf, if they aren’t careful. Furthermore the microphone becomes a vain plaything to toy with as they sing their solos. Like Tom Jones singing in a Las Vegas casino.
Maybe it’s a sign that the world is just becoming noisier that people have to make yet more noise to be heard over the din. I make no apologies for having loved amplified music, instruments, recorded high fidelity sound and also all the explorations into synthetic music that we loved in the 1960s, 70s and 80s. It did seem that it was all going somewhere artistically. But we did have a subtle appreciation of it. But we wanted HiFi, not distorted sheets of sound. But I’m a little tired of amplification now and prefer these days to indulge myself in the subtle acoustic qualities of the human voice, natural instruments, natural room acoustics, the sound of the natural world and so on – if I can find it.
Amplification can only be seen now as a last resort, but better avoided. If I had my way at such events as the Fes Sacred Music Festival, or come to that any public performance of music or singing, I would outlaw amplification, unless it was done with real artistic sensitivity. Instead it has now become an egregious orgy of amplification. The louder the better. I’ve witnessed it. It’s seems to be going the way of heavy metal rock music where without the huge volume, it is nothing.
The way technology has impinged on humans has been a slow burn. With the industrial revolution the effects of technology were brutal, clumsy and absolute, like heavy industry which reshaped and polluted towns and cities in Northern Europe and the growth of railways in the 1800s, which marched across hitherto untouched landscapes, spreading industry everywhere. Culminating sadly in the first tragic industrial world wars of the 20th century crowned by the atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945 a few months after I was born.
The intrusion of technology into the home has also been a slow burn. In the 1950s we didn’t have refrigerators and in my family’s house the first washing machine didn’t appear till 1956. And there was no hifi audio then. In fact our only record player was a red wind-up 78rpm gramophone, an HMV, exactly like the one illustrated above. Fridges and washing machines were useful appliances but the corrosive effect of communications technology on families and society could not have been foreseen and subtly seeped its way into our consciousness. Television particularly was the harbinger of the dumbed down society, the powers that be opting to use it to sell stuff to the masses rather than to educate or illuminate. The non-commercial BBC in the UK was a kind of rearguard action that preserved some higher aspirations, but even that is now severely under threat. It is as if the commercial transaction of selling and buying stuff is now the arbiter and sacrament of everything and that the idea of a social good has been abandoned. Welcome to capitalism.
This principle has percolated now down to the internet and interpersonal communications and is challenging the way people behave in a fundamental way. Is it normal that people are glued to a smart phone everywhere they go? In bed, in the street, even while they eat. (I’ve done all these things, by the way) Many of us are aware of this, yet we blithely continue on with our lives with a shrug.
The masses are unaware of what is happening to them as it’s so vast and all-encompassing. OK, we have to accept life as it is and computers are very useful but in the long run we will have to train ourselves to limit their use or else there will be hell to pay, quite literally. Many corporations now severely limit the use of mobile devices, understanding that for certain things they are unproductive and ultimately counterproductive. Proving that people will submit to anything if it affects the bottom line. There has to be a reaction sooner or later. Could this happen in Morocco? Not for a long time.
New Publications & Reprints
The Mainstay, a hardback translation of the complete commentary by Ibn Ajiba of The Burda of Busiri, was printed at the end of last year having been designed here in Spain. It was translated by Abdal Aziz Suraqah and published by the Abu Zahra Foundation in the UK and is now available from
U.K. and Europe: http://www.abuzahra.org/product/the-mainstay/
North America: https://www.meccabooks.com
Singapore: http://www.wardahbooks.com
Poetry specialists Ecstatic Exchange in Philadelphia have just published a first book of poems by Medina Whiteman entitled Love is a Traveller and We are Its Path. Available online from Lulu.comI was only a consultant on this POD production. Also available now from Editorial Qasida is a reprint of the Diwan of Muhammad Ibn Al-Habib first printed last year. This has been comprehensively proofread by Shakir Massoud who uncovered many errors which have now been put right. I’ve given him a well deserved credit in this edition as well as Tahira Larmore for her proofing of the English and myself the designer. Though perfectly usable, the first printing was a bit of a rough diamond. This one we hope will be highly polished and finely cut! Because of the complexity of the multi-lingual text, teasing out the errors took a lot of time. We know from experience that these Diwans get heavy use which is why we went to the extra expense of using stronger properly sewn sections so that the book can be hand bound in cloth or leather if needed. With print-on-demand books (POD) the binding is a cut and glue arrangement which cannot be rebound.
Buy The Diwan direct – now available:
http://www.cpibookdelivery.com/book/9780993225208/The_Diwan
Also it is available from several bookshops in the UK.
In North America: https://www.meccabooks.com
All bookshop enquiries: editorial.qasida@gmail.com
Also just published by Rabaah Publications is Illuminating the Blackness by Nigerian-English Azhari scholar Habeeb Akande. It presents the history of Brazil’s race-relations and African Muslim heritage. The book is divided into two parts. Part I explores the issue of race, anti-black racism, white supremacy, colourism, black beauty and affirmative action in contemporary Brazil. Part II examines the reports of African Muslims’ travels to Brazil before the Portuguese colonisers, the slave revolts in Bahia and the West African Muslim communities in nineteenth century Brazil. Highly illustrated with a picture index of 169 colour images of Brazil.
Designed here and printed in the UK. It should be available soon.
Another reprint from Sandala readied at the end of last year, was the well known Content of Character by Ali Mazrui, (shown left) translated by Hamza Yusuf which was first published over ten years ago. Very much like the Diwan reprint this has been thoroughly overhauled and corrected with a new cover design. Available now from Sandala at sandala.org
Also of interest is the printing of a much needed new Spanish translation of Purification of the Heart previously only available as an ebook. Translated from the original poem of Ibn Mawlud by Hamza Yusuf, with an extensive commentary also by Hamza Yusuf. This was translated by Emilio Abdarrazaq Perez here in Spain and is exactly modelled on the original…but in Spanish. For any enquiries please contact walaya786@gmail.com
A reminder that my old web site ianwhiteman.com is no more. My work is now viewable on cwdm-portfolio.com which is a better experience generally and much easier for me to manage. There were certain features of the old site which I will make available on this blog in due course. To contact me direct: cwdm.typography@gmail.com
All work displayed above has been designed and typeset here unless specified otherwise.